The ageing process is characterised by a progressive decline in physiological functional capacity as well as deterioration of metabolic function. In spite of many efforts, the mechanism of ageing is not yet completely understood. However, ageing is a complex biological process that is associated with a number of diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration ( North and Sinclair, 2012 Stoyanova, 2014). Delaying one age-related disease may be associated with beneficially delaying the onset of others ( Fontana et al., 2014). The ageing of the human population represents a huge, current challenge to global healthcare, so much so that it is argued that ageing should be tackled as a disease ( Faragher, 2015). Elevated concentrations of urinary taurine represent a distinctive, ageing-related change observed only in wild-type mice. Others, however, were altered only in the FMO5 KO, or only in the wild-type mice, indicating the impact of genetic modifications on mouse ageing. Some metabolites, including urinary 6-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-3-one (6H6MH3O), a mouse sex pheromone, showed similar patterns of changes with age, regardless of genetic background. We identified a range of age-related biomarkers in both urine and plasma. The aim of this study was to identify metabolic signatures that are associated with ageing in both these mouse lines and to characterize the age-related differences in the metabolite profiles between the FMO5 KO mice and their wild-type counterparts at equivalent time points. We have now used an NMR-based metabonomics approach to study the effects of ageing directly on the metabolic profiles of urine and plasma from male, wild-type C57BL/6J and Fmo5 −/− (FMO5 KO) mice back-crossed onto the C57BL/6J background. It was recently demonstrated in mice that knockout of the flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 gene, Fmo5, slows metabolic ageing via pleiotropic effects. 4Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.3School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.2Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.1Medway Metabonomics Research Group, University of Greenwich, Chatham, United Kingdom.Phillips 2,3, Kirill Veselkov 4, Nicole Strittmatter 4 †, Zoltan Takats 4, Elizabeth A. Scott 2 †, Dorna Varshavi 1, Sunil Veeravalli 2, Ian R.
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